Main equipment for the production of ferrovanadium: electric arc furnace.
Process for the production of ferrovanadium: Silicothermal reduction.
The chemical reaction in the electric arc furnace is:
2/5V2O5(l)+Si=4/5V+SiO2 (Si)=-326840+46.89T (J/mol)
V2O5(l)+Si=V2O3+SiO2 (Si)=-1150300+259.57T (J/mol)
2V2O3+3Si=4V+3SiO2 (Si)=-103866.7+17.17T (J/mol)
2VO+Si=2V+SiO2 (Si)=-56400+15.44T (J/mol)
The change in the free energy of the low-valent oxide of vanadium reduced with silicon at high temperatures is positive when the silicon is thermally reduced, indicating that the reduction of the low-valent oxide of vanadium with silicon in an acidic medium is not possible. When reducing vanadium oxides with silicon, the reaction proceeds slowly and incompletely due to insufficient heat, and an external heat source must be added to accelerate the reaction. The general silicothermal method of smelting ferrovanadium involves smelting V2O5 cast sheets into ferrovanadium with ferrosilicon in a ferroalloy electric arc furnace.
In addition, these oxides react with silica to produce vanadium silicate, and vanadium is more difficult to reduce from vanadium silicate. Therefore, the furnace was charged with lime, for the following reasons:
① it reacts with silicon dioxide so that SiO2 and CaO generate stable calcium silicate, to prevent the generation of vanadium silicate.
② Reduce the melting point and viscosity of the slag, improve the performance of the slag, and strengthen the smelting conditions.
③In the presence of calcium oxide, increases the alkalinity of the slag, and improves the thermodynamic conditions of reduction, thus making the thermal reaction more likely. The reaction is:
2/5V2O5(l)+Si+CaO=4/5V+CaO.SiO2 (Si)=-419340+49.398T (J/mol)
2/5V2O5(l)+Si+2CaO=4/5V+2CaO SiO2 (Si)=-445640+35.588T (J/mol)
2/3V2O3+Si+2CaO=4/3V+2CaO-SiO2 (Si)=-341466.67-5.43T (J/mol)
The ability of silicon to reduce low-valent vanadium oxides is not as good as carbon at high temperatures, and to avoid carbon addition, silicon is used as the reducing agent in the early stages of reduction and aluminum in the later stages of production.
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