Reduction with carbon
Reduction of titanium concentrates with carbon in an electric furnace only results in titanium alloys with a high carbon content. Carbon and titanium form stable TiC. Titanium carbide has a very high melting point and must be smelted at temperatures as high as 2000°C. It can only be used as a reducing agent and a degassing agent because of its high carbon content. Because of its high carbon content, it can only be used as a reducing agent and degassing agent.
Due to the affinity of silicon for oxygen is smaller than titanium, so it is not easy to reduce the reaction with silicon, such as carbon reduction TiO, when adding silicon, titanium and silicon compounds to form titanium silicides, that is, silicon and titanium alloys, containing Ti20% ~ 25%, Si20% ~ 25%, C <1%. This can reduce the carbon in the alloy, but the dosage of silicon titanium alloy is small, limited, generally not smelting.
Production of ferro-titanium commonly used aluminothermal method, a part of the reduction into TiO, in the alloy of aluminium is high, TiO in the slag is also high, titanium reduction can be achieved; TiO is strongly alkaline, only in the slag containing enough Ca0, that is, the alkalinity is greater than the TiO, in order to make the reduction of TiO into Ti, the reaction to get a low melting point, reactivity slag, is conducive to the sinking of metal particles. When smelting ferro-titanium with aluminothermal method, the recovery rate of titanium is still generally not more than 65%~75%. Practice shows that when the lime consumption is about 20% of the aluminium amount, the titanium recovery rate is the highest. In order for the iron titanium smelting process to proceed normally, the unit thermal effect of the reaction must reach 2554~2500kJ/kg or more. Iron oxides are almost completely reduced (99%), silica reduction 90%, TiO reduction 75% ~ 80%, TiO, and TiO is roughly the same, the Ti system in the slag to the presence of low-value oxides, it is difficult to restore, the furnace charge preheating, every increase of 100 ℃, can improve the unit thermal effect of nearly 125kJ/kg.
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