The content of silicon as the main component is about 98% (in recent years, 99.99% Si content is also included in silicon metal), and the rest of the impurities are iron, aluminium, calcium and so on. Because of the different uses of industrial silicon, it is divided into a variety of specifications. According to the content of iron, aluminium and calcium in quasi-metallic silicon, quasi-metallic silicon can be divided into different grades such as 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501 and 1101. Additional products of non-metallic silicon include micro-silicon powder, edge silicon, black skin silicon, metallic silicon slag and so on. Among them, micro-silicon powder, also called micro-silicon powder, is widely used in refractory materials and concrete industry.
The raw materials for smelting industrial silicon are mainly silicon dioxide and carbonaceous reductant. As the content of aluminium, calcium and iron in industrial silicon is strictly limited, the requirements for raw materials are particularly strict. In silicon dioxide, SiO2>99.0%, Al2O3<0.3%, Fe2O3<0.15%, CaO<0.2%, MgO<0.15%; particle size of 15-80mm.
The principles of selecting carbonaceous reductant are: high fixed carbon, low ash and good chemical activity. Usually low ash petroleum coke or pitch coke is used as reductant. However, due to the low resistivity and poor reactivity of these two types of coke, it is necessary to replace some of the petroleum coke with charcoal (or wood blocks) with low ash, high resistivity and strong reactivity. In order to sinter the charge, some low ash bituminous coal should also be added. It must be pointed out that too much or all the use of charcoal will not only increase the cost of the product, but also make the furnace condition disordered, such as poor sintering of the material surface due to stinging, collapse and other phenomena, it is difficult to form a blast furnace. High-temperature reaction zone, the bottom of the furnace is easy to form SiC layer, difficult to get out of the steel and so on.
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