Raw material preparation
Manganese ore (such as carbonate or manganese oxide) is crushed and ground into fine particles.
Leaching
The ore is dissolved in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to obtain a solution of manganese sulfate (MnSO4).
Chemical reaction: MnCO3+H2SO4→MnSO4+CO2↑+H2O.
Cleaning
Impurities (e.g., iron, heavy metals) are removed by pH adjustment, oxidation, or precipitating agents (e.g., ammonia, hydrogen peroxide).
Electrolysis
The purified MnSO4 solution is fed into the electrolytic cells.
Direct current (DC) supplied:
Cathode: Manganese ions (Mn2+) are reduced to manganese metal (Mn) and deposited as flakes.
Anode: Oxygen and acid gases (e.g., O2, SO2) are released.
After treatment
The flakes are mechanically removed from the cathodes, washed to remove residual electrolytes, and dried.
Packaging
The dried flakes are packed in moisture-proof bags (e.g. 1-ton bulk bags or 25 kg woven bags).
